Response to: Treasuries, TIPS, and Gold (Wonkish)
You know sometimes when insecure people use really fancy words to prove they’re smart? And it just confirms your suspicion they aren’t? That’s what I got from today’s Krugman.
This is one of his legendary “wonkish” articles, which means there’s tons of graphs and references to his dissertations and all sorts of vocabulary designed to IMPRESS! Unfortunately, all Krugman does is prove he doesn’t have the first clue about what drives gold markets.
Krugman says there are two types of people, “inflationistas and deflationistas.”
The inflationistas look at budget deficits and monetary base, and see severe inflation and soaring interest rates as the obvious outcome; the deflationistas say, hey, we’re in a liquidity trap, so monetary base is sterile and budget deficits are just soaking up some but not all of the world’s excess saving.
Well, I’m certainly not sure the world has “excess savings,” but at least Krugman admits budget deficits erode savings. And, obviously, Krugman calls himself a “a big deflationista.”
Now, just to clarify some terms for you guys. “Deflation” is when the purchasing power of the currency RISES. “Inflation” is when the purchasing power of the currency DECLINES. Mechanically, this is done by increasing or decreasing the money supply. When you INCREASE/INFLATE the money supply, each dollar in circulation is worth LESS because, well, there’s more of them.
Apparently, Krugman thinks that soaring gold prices prove his “deflationista” theory!
Well, I’ve been thinking about it — and the answer surprised me: soaring gold prices may be quite consistent with a deflationista story about the economy.
Hilarious. But let’s hear him out.
My usual response has been that I have no idea what drives the price of gold, to say that it’s a market driven by hoarding in Asia, Glenn Beck followers, whatever. But maybe I’ve been too flip here. Why not think about what actually should be driving gold prices?
Krugman’s usual response is right: he has no idea. Does he really think Glenn Beck followers have ANY measurable effect on this market? This is a multi-TRILLION dollar commodity. If Beck could direct hundreds of billions of dollars in DAILY purchases through his TV show, he probably wouldn’t be off the air.
Then, of course, there’s Asian hoarding. But Krugman doesn’t think about what drives that. Is there a “Grenn Beck?” Or maybe the Chinese government is actively promoting gold ownership for a specific reason? To quote Yu Yongding: “Given that many large developed countries are simply printing money (and the recent rumours are that the US might return to quantitative easing) China must realise that it can no longer invest in the paper assets of the developed world.” (source) Looks like China falls squarely into the “inflationista” camp. That might be because China is experiencing inflation. That’s relevant to the United States because, well, China pegs their currency to the dollar. In other words, they are experiencing inflation to keep up with dollar inflation.
But let’s look at Krugman’s “economics.” (This is where the real good, intellectually-bankrupt propaganda comes in.) Again, he argues that gold is RISING in price because of DEFLATION. The overly-complicated academic explanation he offers for this paradox can be explained by the “Hotelling model.” As he puts it:
Well, my starting point is the old but very fine analysis by Henderson and Salant (pdf), which was actually the inspiration for my first good paper, on currency crises. H-S suggested that we start by modeling gold as an exhaustible resource subject to Hotelling pricing.
Well, okay. That’s interesting, because the immediate take-away from Henderson and Salant is that we shouldn’t model gold as an exhaustible resource subject to Hotelling pricing:
In this simple form, the exhaustible-resource model fails to capture the most salient characteristics of the price path of gold since 1968. It does not predict persistent increases in the price at greater than the rate of interest, nor can it explain either the existence or timing of most drops in the price. Henderson and Salant
Pretty neat doublespeak from Krugman, then huh? The whole blog rests on the notion Hotelling pricing applies to gold, even after the “wonkish” paper he himself cites has already discredited that assertion.
I want to just point out the MASSIVE difference between gold and “exhaustible” resources. Oil is “exhaustible.” You know an “exhaust pipe?” That’s the exhaust. Oil gets destroyed by use. Gold is “finite” more than “exhaustible.” You don’t burn gold - and, even if you did, it’s still gold. Krugman’s blog hinges on the idea that the gold “stock gradually disappears into real-world uses like dentistry.” So, if you believe that in the past 10 years gold has gone from $300/oz to $1900/oz because of the high demand for fillings, well then, I guess Krugman is your guy.
Anyway….
Krugman sums it up:
For this is essentially a “real” story about gold, in which the price has risen because expected returns on other investments have fallen; it is not, repeat not, a story about inflation expectations. Not only are surging gold prices not a sign of severe inflation just around the corner, they’re actually the result of a persistently depressed economy stuck in a liquidity trap — an economy that basically faces the threat of Japanese-style deflation…
He’s not, repeat not, correct about anything. First of all, gold is not an investment. It’s a piece of metal. It doesn’t make anything or do anything. It’s money. Think of it as another currency. From the country “Goldinia.” But the central bank there can’t print endless amounts of it. The reason people buy it is as a “store of wealth.” It’s to keep from losing your purchasing power. And what threatens your purchasing power? (hint: not “deflation.”)
Imagine you had $35 dollars in 1971. You have three choices: buy gold, buy stocks, hide it in a mattress. The DJIA in 1971 was about 850, so $35 was basically 4% of the Dow. Today, 4% of the dow would be about $450. Not bad! Let say you bought gold. $35 in 1971 bought one ounce of gold. Today, that’s worth $1850. HEY! Even better! And if you hid it under the mattress? Well, you’d have $35. Because the government printed a lot more dollars since then. That’s “inflation” for you. It drives the cost (in dollars) of gold up because the dollars today are worth LESS than dollars in 1971 while gold’s value is basically a constant.
Another suspicious Krugman editorial decision was to completely ignore the fact that gold has been steadily rising for 10 YEARS. Were we in a “liquidity trap” during the housing bubble, when gold went from $300 to $600? Was “deflation” driving gold prices then? Has “deflation” been driving the price of just about everything (except housing and wages) up in the past 5 years?
Does the Hotelling model apply to bologna?
Bologna, all beef or mixed, per lb. (453.6 gm) (U.S. city average)
Bureau of Labor Statistics

Are investors in China hording bologna because the “expected returns on other investments have fallen?” Is that why people are paying more for bologna? Because the price is about to go down?
No one buys into rising prices because they expect the price to go down. That’s moronic. Yet, that’s Krugman’s explanation.
So now I’ve heard everything. A Nobel laureate explaining rising costs are caused by deflation. Wonkish indeed!
The logic, if you think about it, is pretty intuitive: with lower interest rates, it makes more sense to hoard gold now and push its actual use further into the future, which means higher prices in the short run and the near future.
It has no “actual use.” It’s just a store of wealth. For the last time, if there’s deflation, then the price of gold will go DOWN in the future. So how does it make any sense to buy it now and wait for the price to go down? People buy it because they know the price will go UP. What causes the price to go UP? Inflation! (No matter how much Krugman insists “it is not, repeat not, a story about inflation expectations.”). Gold production has been remarkably stable the past 10 years. The recent spikes followed an announcement from The Federal Reserve that they’d keep interest rates at zero for at least two years and an agreement in congress to monetize another $2.4 trillion before the election. Both decisions are inflationary and both announcements saw spikes in gold prices:

Then again…I guess it could be Glenn Beck’s fault.